This occurs when blunt force trauma caused the brain to come into contact with the skull. Most common signs include:

• Evidence of head injury (blood or bruising)
• Headache and nausea
• Dizziness or loss of balance
• Confusion
• Feeling stunned or dazed
• Problems with vision (double vision / flashing lights)
• Difficulties with memory

TREATMENT

If the casualty is unresponsive:

• Lie the casualty on their back with their head slightly raised (if no spinal injury)
• Apply a cold compress (max 20 minutes) to the affected area
• Keep them warm
• Monitor their breathing
• Call for an ambulance

If the casualty is response then apply a cold compress (max 20 minutes) and advise they go to hospital.

It is okay for the casualty to sleep. You should monitor their breathing. If you become concerned then call 999 / 112 for assistance.