Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection caused by *Clostridium tetani*, commonly found in soil, dust, and animal waste. The bacteria enter the body through cuts or wounds, producing a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to painful muscle stiffness and spasms. Without treatment, tetanus can be life-threatening.

Why Tetanus Immunisation Is Important

Tetanus has no cure, but it is entirely preventable through immunisation. The tetanus vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies that fight the toxin. Immunisation is the best defence against this potentially deadly disease, as natural immunity from having tetanus is rare.

Types of Tetanus Vaccines

The tetanus vaccine is often combined with other vaccines. The most common ones include:

1. DTP or DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis) for children.
2. Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis) for older children, teens, and adults.
3. Td (Tetanus and Diphtheria) boosters for adults, recommended every 10 years.

Immunisation Schedule

For children: A series of 5 DTaP doses is given at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years.

For adolescents and adults: A single Tdap dose is recommended at around age 11-12, followed by Td boosters every 10 years.

For pregnant women: Tdap is recommended during each pregnancy to protect both the mother and the newborn.

Why Boosters Are Necessary

Tetanus immunity fades over time. To maintain protection, a booster shot is required every 10 years. In cases of injury or deep wounds, a booster may be recommended if it’s been more than five years since the last dose.

Who Should Be Vaccinated?

Everyone: Regardless of age, as tetanus bacteria are widespread in the environment.
Travellers: To ensure they are up-to-date with their vaccines, especially when visiting countries with limited medical services.
Pregnant women: To pass antibodies to their newborns, offering protection in the first months of life.

Side Effects of Tetanus Vaccination

Most people experience only mild side effects, such as:

• Soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
• Mild fever or tiredness.
  Serious side effects are rare, but any concerns should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Conclusion

Tetanus immunisation is crucial for protecting yourself and others from this dangerous infection. Staying up to date with boosters ensures long-term immunity and peace of mind.

Have you had your tetanus booster in the last 10 years?