Most heart attacks are caused with the narrowing of the arteries to the heart caused by a build up of cholesterol.

The severity will depend on where the blockage is.

Signs of a heart attack include:

• Pale blue / grey, cold and clammy skin
• Chest pains with a sense of tightness / squeezing
• Pain in the left arm, jaw, neck and back
• Shortness of breath / wheezing
• Nausea
• Feeling light headed
• Coughing
• Vomiting
• Anxiety similar to a panic attack

TREATMENT

• Sit them down with their knees bent
• (W position)
• Loosen any tight clothing
• Call for ambulance
• Monitor their breathing and be prepared to perform CPR

ANGINA

Angina is a heart condition that occurs when the blood supply to the heart is restricted. This normally occurs due to excess stress or physical activity.

The signs of angina are similar to a heart attack but normally only last a few minutes.

TREATMENT

• The help them administer their own medication if they have it.
• To call 999 / 112 for medical assistance if no improvement.

If you are ever unsure always treat for a heart attack.

USE OF ASPIRIN

For both conditions one aspirin tablet (300mg) can be given to thin the blood. This sits either directly under the tongue or can be chewed.

If you are unsure whether the casualty has an allergy or is on blood thinning medication you should not administer it. Do not give to under 16s.