Sprains and Strains
A sprain or strain are commonly associated with sports injuries as can be more painful than a fracture.
SPRAIN
A sprain occurs when a ligament has been stretched, twisted or torn and is associated with joints. Most common sprains relate to knees, ankles, wrists and thumbs.
STRAIN
A sprain occurs when muscle fibres are stretched or torn. This normally happens when the muscle is stretched too far or contracts too quickly.
Symptoms for both sprains and strains are:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Bruising
- Inflammation
- Cramp (strains)
TREATMENT
Use the pneumonic of PRICE:
P
PROTECT – Ensure the casualty avoids any load bearing to the injured area.
R
REST – Rest the injured joint of muscle for 72 hours.
I
ICE – Apply ice over this period for 20 minutes every 2 – 3 hours during the day ensure the ice doesn’t come in direct contact with the skin.
C
COMPRESS – Use an elasticated bandage to limit any swelling or movement. Remove at night.
E
ELEVATE – Keep the injured are raised and supported to reduce swelling.
* If you’re ever unsure if someone has a sprain, strain or a fracture always treat for the worst case scenario i.e. fracture.
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