Anxiety is a natural human response to stress or danger – it’s part of our built-in survival system. But when anxiety becomes overwhelming, constant, or starts interfering with daily life, it may be a sign of an anxiety disorder.

Anxiety disorders are some of the most common mental health conditions in the UK, affecting millions of people each year. They are real, diagnosable conditions – and they are treatable.

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety is the feeling of unease, worry, or fear. It can be mild or severe and often comes with physical symptoms like a racing heart, sweaty palms, or a tight chest.

Occasional anxiety is completely normal. But for some people, these feelings are persistent, excessive, and hard to control, even when there is no immediate threat.

Types of Anxiety Disorders

Let’s take a closer look at three common forms:

1. Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

People with GAD experience chronic, excessive worry about a variety of everyday things – work, health, family, finances – even when there is little or no reason to worry.

Common signs:

• Feeling restless or on edge
• Difficulty concentrating
• Muscle tension or headaches
• Poor sleep or feeling constantly tired
• Overthinking and anticipating the worst

💡 GAD often builds gradually and may go unnoticed for a long time.

2. Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder

A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes. Panic Disorder is when these attacks happen repeatedly and unexpectedly, often causing the person to fear having another one.

Common symptoms of a panic attack:

• Racing heart or chest pain
• Dizziness or feeling faint
• Sweating or trembling
• Shortness of breath
• Feeling detached or like you’re losing control

💡 Panic attacks are frightening, but they are not dangerous. They usually pass within 10–20 minutes.

3. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD involves obsessions (unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges) and compulsions (repetitive behaviours or mental acts done to reduce anxiety or prevent something bad from happening).

Examples:

• Obsession: “What if I didn’t lock the door and someone breaks in?”
• Compulsion: Checking the door repeatedly, even when you know it’s locked.
• Obsession: Fear of germs
• Compulsion: Excessive handwashing or cleaning

💡 OCD is not about being “neat and tidy” – it’s a distressing cycle that can seriously impact daily life.

How Anxiety Might Show Up at Work

Anxiety disorders can affect concentration, confidence, communication, and attendance. You may notice:

• Avoidance of certain tasks or meetings
• Perfectionism or fear of making mistakes
• Restlessness or appearing distracted
• Irritability or frequent reassurance-seeking

Understanding these signs can help create a more compassionate workplace and encourage early support.

Supporting Someone with Anxiety

• Listen without judgement: Avoid saying “just relax” or “there’s nothing to worry about.”
• Be patient: Small steps forward are still progress.
• Encourage self-help and support: Apps, breathing techniques, or professional help can be useful.
• Respect boundaries: Don’t push them into uncomfortable situations too quickly.
• Know your role: You’re not expected to diagnose or fix – just support and signpost where appropriate.

Treatment and Recovery

There are many effective treatments for anxiety disorders, including:

• Talking therapies (like CBT)
• Medication (prescribed by a GP or psychiatrist)
• Lifestyle changes (regular sleep, exercise, reduced caffeine)
• Mindfulness and relaxation techniques

Recovery looks different for everyone, but with the right support, people can regain control and live well.

Anxiety disorders can be invisible but very real. By understanding what they are – and what they are not – you’re better placed to support others, reduce stigma, and promote positive mental health.